Regarding balance, to me it's when you can't really say which element leads the way. Hop bitterness, hop flavor, malt flavor, or fermentation esters. If all of those are on equal ground, you have balance.
So, then most beers are supposed to be unbalanced? Jeebus, it's sure getting dark down this rabbit hole...
I guess, to me "balance" is really specific to each particular beer. The balance for my IPA is just enough malt so you can tell it's a beer, just enough bitterness so you can tell it's not a Mai Tai, and busloads of hop flavor and aroma. For others, it's enough IBU's to strip the enamel off your teeth and a fair amount of hop flavor/aroma. For Sam Calagione, it's something else...
If even within one style there's no definite consensus of balance, then I just can't see the usefulness of the term.