I suppose it depends on what area of Europe you want to identify and the time period. Many parts of Europe had royal breweries and beers made for the upper class.
In England there was a long history of different names for what can generally be described as barleywine that descended from the best made gruits, which were themselves very malty and high ABV. The beers that arose from this tradition carried names like October Ale, Audit Ale, etc. They would have been aged in barrels and were sometimes aged for years (I seem to recall reading they were at times aged up to ten years) but they likely would not have been aged in former liquor barrels, at least not intentionally. These were special beers brewed for special occasions and generally for the wealthy, royalty, the Church and other wealthy institutions.