flbrewer, I am just curious, but what brewing books have you read? From the volume and nature of your questions, it appears that you are LTBBFing (Learning To Brew By Forum), which is not the most efficient or effective way to learn. There's an advantage to learning how to brew by reading a comprehensive introductory text on brewing such Dave Miller's Homebrewing Guide: Everything You Need to Know to Make Great-Tasting Beer, John Palmer's How to Brew, or even Charlie P.'s The Complete Joy of Homebrewing. From there, I would recommend reading Greg Noonan's New Brewing Lager Beer and Ray Daniels' Designing Great Beers. Most of the senior brewers on this forum learned how to brew using one or more of these texts. All of these texts provide a brewing fundamental base on which to build more advanced knowledge.