I've seen many recipes on bertus brewery that I'd like to try that use hop extract. I'm quite the novice (my next batch will only be my second all-grain, and third overall), so in the interest of keeping this basic, what kind of hop addition can I substitute for the extract?
Also...and this is something I'm usually just too embarrassed to ask...I'm interested in doing 3 or 4 gallon batches. If I see a recipe for a 12 gallon batch (or 5 gallon, or whatever the case may be), is it just a matter of using the corresponding ratios for the hops and malt bill (i.e., if its a 12 gallon batch, cut down everything by 1/3 for a 4 gallon batch)?
I'm just wondering if for any reason you have to make any other adjustments when scaling up/down.