I'm getting some astringent off flavor in my beers. Here is a pic of my millings.
-I think it looks ok, maybe a little too milled? I use BeerSmith brewing software along with a water adjusting software.
-I haven't physically checked the pH, but will get some litmus paper and check it next time.
-I just switched to all RO water, and the first batch I brewed with it came out bad, not associated with my astringency issue. (yeast issue)
-I batch sparge.
-The last beer was a Black IPA, which maybe I should add the dark grain later in the mash?
I'm sure I'm leaving something out but this is getting frustrating.